1. There are different types of nonstate actors:
- NGOs/INGOs: organized by private individuals, operating at the local, national or international level. They role as providing services such as humanitarian aid or development assistance.
- Transnational Networks and Coalitions: Kind of network dedicated to direct promotion on the communications revolution of fax, Internet, and the web; of a specific cause. Ex: Al-Qaeda
- Social Movement: Individuals working in large groups for major social change. They help to mobilize the structures & resource by helping accommodate the envisioned change and to generate transnational consensus about global problems & their solution.
- Global Policy Network: Networks of governments, international organizations, multinational corporations, professionals linked in pursuit of a common policy. Ex: World Commission on Dams
- Experts, Epistemic Communities: research institutes, international organizations, nongovernmental community. Ex: Expert concerned with Mediterranean Sea
- Multinational Corporation: power in global governance, private actors doing business in three or more states whose goal is to make profit. Ex: Shell Oil Company or Sony
2. NGO Governance functions (NGO Roles)
- Perform functions of governance in absence of state authority
- Gather and publicize information
- Create and mobilize networks
- Frame issues for public consumption
- Promote new norms
- Advocate changes in policies and governance
- Monitor human rights and environmental norms
- Participate in global conferences: raise issues, submit position papers, lobby for viewpoint and bring parties together
- Enhance public participation
- Distribute humanitarian aid
- Implement development project
3. There are five types of NGO activities in IGOs
- Consultation in regime creation
- Lobbying
- Surveillance of governmental activities
- Involvement in international program implementation
- Participation in decision-making
4. The reason behind the accelerated growth of nonstate actors’ participation
- Globalization and interdependence issue
- Global conferences and nonstate actors
- The communications revolution
- The end of Cold War and the spread of democracy
5. The factors limit the NGOs influence
- The size and diversity of the NGO community
- The resource (money, finance)
- Representation, accountability, and transparency
